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IPSec

IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) is a protocol used for securing Internet Protocol (IP) communications by authenticating and encrypting each IP packet in a communication session. IPSec can provide confidentiality, integrity, and authentication for IP datagrams by using cryptographic techniques. It operates at the network layer, and can be used to secure communication between two network endpoints, such as between two routers, two hosts, or between a remote access client and a VPN gateway. IPSec can be used in tunnel mode or transport mode, and supports various encryption and authentication algorithms.

IPv4

IPv4 stands for Internet Protocol version 4. It is a protocol used to identify devices on a network and route Internet Protocol (IP) packets between them.IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses, which are expressed in four groups of numbers separated by dots, for example, 192.168.0.1. Each group represents 8 bits, allowing for a total of 2^32 or approximately 4.3 billion unique IP addresses.

IPv6

IPv6 stands for Internet Protocol version 6. It is a protocol used to identify devices on a network and route Internet Protocol (IP) packets between them.IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses, which are expressed in eight groups of hexadecimal numbers separated by colons, for example, 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334. Each group represents 16 bits, allowing for a total of 2^128 or approximately 340 undecillion unique IP addresses.IPv6 was developed as a replacement for IPv4, which had a limited address space that was becoming increasingly depleted as more devices were being connected to the Internet. In addition to its expanded address space, IPv6 includes a number of other features, such as improved security, auto-configuration, and support for multicast traffic.